Executive Charter Bus Vancouver

Executive Charter Bus Vancouver

Mini coach rental

You can rest easy knowing that reliability is a cornerstone of their service. Picture yourself in a scenario where the driver isn't just a driver but a part of your journey, adding to the experience with their knowledge and courtesy. Once your booking is confirmed, you'll receive a detailed itinerary and receipt via email, keeping you informed and organized. Learn more about Executive Charter Bus Vancouver here Beyond ensuring your journey is efficient with strategic route planning, we also offer competitive pricing models that fit your budget.
Star Coach doesn't cut corners when it comes to their vehicles. You're not just hiring a bus; you're securing a team dedicated to making your journey as comfortable and hassle-free as possible. Moreover, we understand that travel preferences vary.
Their experience isn't just about years on the road; it's about understanding what makes a trip memorable and stress-free for you. Read more about Executive Charter Bus Vancouver here As you step inside, you're greeted by plush, reclining seats that promise relaxation throughout your journey. And, let's not forget the climate control system, which maintains an ideal temperature, ensuring you're comfortable no matter the season. Team travel
You'll find the latest in entertainment technology at your fingertips. Learn more about Charter Bus Rentals in Vancouver, BC here. Convention transport We also understand that flexibility is key to a luxury travel experience. On their site, you'll find an easy-to-navigate booking form where you'll input your travel dates, destinations, and any specific requests you have for your journey.

From the moment you book until you reach your destination, Star Coach's experienced drivers and staff are committed to providing a level of service that goes beyond just transportation. Star Coach's approach to safety is proactive, not reactive. Adjustable LED lighting sets the perfect atmosphere, whether you're catching up on work or sinking into a movie on your tablet. From the moment you make your booking until you reach your destination, you'll feel valued and pampered.

The bus's panoramic windows ensure you don't miss a single view, whether it's the majestic Lions Gate Bridge or the tranquil beauty of English Bay. Need a specific layout for the seats?

Convention transport

  1. Metro Vancouver
  2. Metro Vancouver
  3. Metro Vancouver
  4. Metro Vancouver
  5. Metro Vancouver
  6. Metro Vancouver
  7. Metro Vancouver
  8. Metro Vancouver
  9. Metro Vancouver
  10. Metro Vancouver
  11. Metro Vancouver
  12. Metro Vancouver
  13. Metro Vancouver
  14. Metro Vancouver
  15. Metro Vancouver
  16. Metro Vancouver
  17. Metro Vancouver
  18. Metro Vancouver
  19. Metro Vancouver
Their fleet isn't just diverse; it's meticulously maintained and equipped with the latest amenities to ensure your journey is as comfortable as it's reliable.

Each package is designed to offer flexibility, allowing you to adjust your itinerary based on what's most important to your group. It's all within reach, without the hassle of parking or navigating unfamiliar roads. Their dedicated customer service representatives are always on standby to help you plan your travel with ease and efficiency.

Whether you're planning a corporate retreat, a big family reunion, or a school trip, they've got you covered. From seamless booking processes to comprehensive safety measures and exceptional customer service, every aspect of your journey is meticulously planned and executed. You've got ample space, not just for passengers, but for luggage, equipment, and anything else you need for your journey.

Airport Transfer Charter Buses Vancouver

Vancouver has hosted many international conferences and events, including the 1954 Commonwealth Games, UN Habitat I, Expo 86, APEC Canada 1997, the World Police and Fire Games in 1989 and 2009; several matches of 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup including the finals at BC Place in downtown Vancouver, and the 2010 Winter Olympics and Paralympics which were held in Vancouver and Whistler, a resort community 125 km (78 mi) north of the city. In 1969, Greenpeace was founded in Vancouver. The city became the permanent home to TED conferences in 2014.

Citations and other links

High-End Group Transportation Vancouver

The seats, plush and ergonomically designed, invite you to sink in and unwind as the city's views glide by. Metro Vancouver This flexibility makes it easy to tailor your travel plans to your group's exact requirements.

Bus charter

  1. Tour transportation
  2. Mini coach rental
  3. Coach hire
  4. Crew shuttle
  5. Luxury bus rental
  6. Charter vehicle
  7. Bus rental for tours
  8. Casino shuttle
  9. British Columbia
  10. Community bus service
  11. Bus provider
  12. Safe bus rental
  13. Transport services
  14. Lower Mainland BC
  15. Bus leasing
  16. Bus transportation
  17. Bus hire
  18. Bus line
  19. Private bus rental
  20. Vancouver region
From the moment you reach out, you'll work with a dedicated coordinator who'll listen to your requirements and suggest the best options for your journey. When it comes to choosing a luxury bus rental in Vancouver, why does Star Coach consistently outshine the competition?

Imagine not having to fret over logistics for your next big conference or the transportation plan for your wedding guests. That's the hassle-free reality with these luxury coaches.

Metro Vancouver

  • Luxury transportation
  • Field trip bus
  • City tour bus
  • Motor coach rental
  • Long-distance bus
  • Bus driver service
  • Bus for hire
  • Vancouver city
  • Transport charter
  • School bus rental
  • Bus excursion
  • Travel coach
  • Senior group travel
  • Bus packages
  • Hourly bus rental
Highly trained and knowledgeable about the best routes in and around Vancouver, they ensure your journey is safe, comfortable, and on time.

You're not stuck with a one-size-fits-all solution. The plush seating invites you to sink in and relax, each chair designed to cradle you in unparalleled comfort during your journey. You're not just renting a bus; you're crafting an unforgettable experience tailored just for you and your group. Event shuttles Wedding bus rental Affordable bus rental

Star Coach goes beyond just providing a bus; they tailor your travel experience to meet your specific needs and preferences. Our luxury buses offer a peaceful environment, minimizing the noise and disruptions that often accompany road travel. Beyond ensuring your safety and comfort, Star Coach's commitment extends to providing unparalleled customer service, ensuring your experience is seamless from start to finish.

Bus line

  • Transport services
  • Lower Mainland BC
  • Bus leasing
  • Bus transportation
  • Bus hire
  • Bus line
  • Private bus rental
  • Vancouver region
  • Vancouver BC
  • Airport transfer
  • Sightseeing bus
  • Group transportation
  • Vancouver
  • Bus travel
  • Shuttle service


High-End Group Transportation Vancouver
Executive Group Transportation Vancouver

Executive Group Transportation Vancouver

Instead of the typical shoulder-to-shoulder setup, you'll enjoy seating that's designed for interaction and personal space. Hand sanitizers are available on all buses, and high-touch areas are regularly disinfected. We understand that every journey is unique, and that's why we tailor our services to meet your specific needs. Furthermore, we adhere to all local and national safety regulations, regularly updating our protocols to meet the highest standards. From the gleaming exteriors to the plush, well-appointed interiors, it's clear they've paid attention to every detail.

Furthermore, Star Coach's reliability isn't just about punctuality. She booked a trip for her wedding party and was moved by the extra touches our team added. 'They made us feel so special, adding to the joy of our big day,' she said. That's exactly what you get with the H3-45. With Star Coach Bus Rentals, you're not just booking a trip; you're crafting an experience tailored just for you and your group.

You'll input your travel dates, pick-up and drop-off locations, and any special requests you may have in just a few clicks. Passenger bus rental A complimentary service offers a selection of gourmet snacks and beverages, ensuring you stay refreshed throughout your journey. In Vancouver's competitive bus rental market, Star Coach's fleet quality truly is unmatched. Plus, the onboard entertainment options are designed to make the miles fly by.

We don't just meet the basic requirements; we exceed them to provide you with peace of mind during your travels. Plus, each seat comes equipped with its own power outlet and free Wi-Fi, so you can stay connected and charged up throughout your trip. Star Coach maintains the highest standards of hygiene, with thorough cleaning and sanitization protocols in place before and after every trip. You're not just limited to choosing destinations; you can also select onboard amenities and services to enhance your experience.

Party bus

Private Group Coach Vancouver

Post-trip, expect a follow-up to ensure your journey met all your expectations. Entertainment options abound, with the latest in audio-visual technology at your fingertips. This includes your pick-up and drop-off locations, dates, and the number of passengers. You'll find more legroom than you'd expect, allowing you to stretch out and enjoy the ride without feeling cramped. The climate control ensures the environment inside is always just how you like it, making your travel experience pleasant throughout the year.

Each vehicle in their fleet is meticulously maintained, boasting features that cater to both comfort and safety. It's all part of how we make your travel experience not just a journey, but a pleasure. Your satisfaction drives us. They've thought of everything to ensure your peace of mind.

The climate control ensures the environment is always to your liking, whether you're cooling down on a hot summer day or warming up during the chill of winter. They're committed to making your group travel as enjoyable and stress-free as possible, ensuring your journey isn't just a ride, but a treasured part of your event. They'll then send you a confirmation email, which includes all the details of your trip, from pickup times to any special amenities you've requested. Everyone arrives together, on time, and in high spirits, ready to celebrate.

Picture this: you're gliding through the streets of Vancouver, ensconced in comfort that rivals a first-class flight. You'll be pleased to know that their fleet includes buses that are designed to reduce emissions, making your travel not just luxurious but also kind to the environment. We've also integrated the latest technology for your entertainment and connectivity. Moreover, these customizable packages aren't just about adding luxury; they're about creating experiences that are memorable and unique to you.

Bus fleet Greater Vancouver
Private Group Coach Vancouver
High-End Chauffeured Coach Vancouver
High-End Chauffeured Coach Vancouver

Free Wi-Fi keeps you connected, while personal charging stations ensure your devices are always powered up. From engine checks to safety feature tests, every aspect of the bus is meticulously examined and serviced. You won't have to worry about the logistics of getting your guests from point A to point B; they'll handle it all with professionalism and care. Moreover, Star Coach's commitment to eco-friendly travel doesn't stop at fuel efficiency.

Highly recommend Star Coach for any group looking to travel in comfort.'These testimonials highlight the satisfaction and high regard clients have for Star Coach. They know that budget plays a crucial role in planning any event or corporate travel. You're not just getting from point A to point B; you're making a statement.

Understanding that every group has unique needs, Star Coach offers customizable packages to tailor your luxury bus rental experience in Vancouver. You don't want to get bogged down in endless forms or confusing steps. Stick around, and you'll discover how Star Coach is not only transporting passengers but also transporting the industry into a new era of luxury and responsibility.

Their fleet is designed to accommodate any group size, ensuring everyone arrives in comfort and style. Each vehicle is equipped with the latest safety technologies and is maintained to the highest standards, ensuring that your journey isn't only comfortable but also secure. You'll find plush seating that ensures you're relaxed, whether you're on a short trip or a long haul across scenic routes.

Party bus

  • Mini coach rental
  • Bus fleet
  • Bus line
  • Metro Vancouver
  • Bus fleet
  • Bus line
  • Metro Vancouver
  • Bus fleet
  • Bus line
  • Metro Vancouver
  • Bus fleet
  • Bus line
  • Metro Vancouver
  • Bus fleet
  • Bus line


Event Transportation Vancouver

This holistic approach to eco-friendly practices makes Star Coach stand out in the luxury transportation sector. Each bus in their fleet undergoes regular, comprehensive inspections and maintenance. Each bus is meticulously maintained and undergoes regular inspections to guarantee that mechanical issues don't interrupt your adventure or compromise your safety. For instance, if you're looking for something that screams luxury, their high-end coaches offer onboard amenities such as Wi-Fi, reclining seats, and even entertainment systems. Understanding your unique travel needs, Star Coach offers customized travel experiences to ensure your journey is exactly how you envision it.
With us, you're not just booking a bus rental; you're securing peace of mind, knowing that every aspect of your ride reflects our commitment to excellence. The seamless experience from booking to destination has made John a repeat customer. Stick around, and you might find yourself looking at group travel in a whole new light.

Greater Vancouver

  1. Downtown bus rental
  2. Sport team transportation
  3. Charter transportation
  4. Minibus rental
  5. Bus services
  6. Event transportation
  7. Luxury transportation
  8. Field trip bus
  9. City tour bus
  10. Motor coach rental
  11. Long-distance bus
  12. Bus driver service
  13. Bus for hire
  14. Vancouver city
  15. Transport charter
You'll have a tailored experience that's as unique as your group, with the flexibility to adjust on the go, ensuring your Vancouver visit is nothing short of extraordinary.
From tailored luxury experiences that cater to the high expectations of their clientele to a fleet quality that remains unmatched in the local market, Star Coach has redefined what it means to travel in style. Moreover, Star Coach's commitment to sustainability extends beyond just their vehicles. Metro Vancouver You can choose from several secure payment options, all designed to give you peace of mind. And let's not overlook the importance of safety-Star Coach buses are equipped with the latest in safety technology, ensuring peace of mind from start to finish.
Wi-Fi connectivity is a given, allowing you to stay connected, whether it's catching up on work or streaming your favorite shows. They'll work closely with you to understand your preferences and ensure the onboard amenities reflect the exclusivity of your event. You're not just getting a ride; you're stepping into a meticulously maintained vehicle that promises both comfort and style. Last-minute changes?

Explore Executive Charter Bus Vancouver here
Event Transportation Vancouver
1908 Studebaker limousine with an open driver's compartment
1953 Rolls-Royce Phantom IV (coachwork by Hooper)

A limousine (/ˈlɪməziːn/ or /lɪməˈziːn/), or limo (/ˈlɪmoʊ/) for short,[1] is a large, chauffeur-driven luxury vehicle with a partition between the driver compartment and the passenger compartment which can be operated mechanically by hand or by a button electronically.[2] A luxury sedan with a very long wheelbase and driven by a professional driver is called a stretch limousine.[3]

In some countries, such as the United States, Germany, Canada, and Australia, a limousine service may be any pre-booked hire car with a driver, usually, but only sometimes a luxury car. In particular, airport shuttle services are often called "limousine services", though they often use minivans or light commercial vehicles.[2]

Etymology

[edit]
The type of limousine hood or roof described in the text (1912 Vauxhall)

The word limousine is derived from the name of the French region Limousin; however, how the area's name was transferred to the car is uncertain.

One possibility involves a particular type of carriage hood or roof that physically resembled the raised hood of the cloak worn by the shepherds there.[4][5]

An alternate etymology speculates that some early chauffeurs wore a Limousin-style cloak in the open driver's compartment for protection from the weather.[6] The name was then extended to this particular type of car with a permanent top projecting over the chauffeur.[4] This former type of automobile had an enclosed passenger compartment seating three to five persons, with only a roof projecting forward over the open driver's area in the front.[7]

History

[edit]

Wealthy owners of expensive carriages and their passengers were accustomed to their private compartments leaving their coachman or driver outside in all weathers. When automobiles arrived, the same people required a similar arrangement for their chauffeurs. As such, the 1916 definition of limousine by the US Society of Automobile Engineers is "a closed car seating three to five inside, with driver's seat outside".[8]

In Great Britain, the limousine de-ville was a version of the limousine town car where the driver's compartment was outside and had no weather protection.[9]: 103  The limousine-landaulet variant (also sold in the United States) had a removable or folding roof section over the rear passenger seat.[9]: 100 

In the United States, sub-categories of limousines in 1916 were the berline, defined as "a limousine having the driver's seat entirely enclosed", and the brougham, described as "a limousine with no roof over the driver's seat."[8]

The president of the United States has ridden in a variety of brands of state cars starting from 1899 when President William McKinley was the first to ride in a car, a steam Locomobile.[10][11][12]

U.S. limousine business declined in the 21st century due to the effects of the Great Recession, the subsequent rise of ride sharing apps, and an industry crisis precipitated by deadly stretch limousine crashes in 2015 and Schoharie, New York, in 2018. Moreover, during this time, people who would have once utilized limousines began opting to travel more discreetly in cars like black SUVs.[13]

Characteristics

[edit]

The limousine body style usually has a partition separating the driver from the rear passenger compartment.[6][9] This partition usually includes an openable glass section so passengers may see the road. Communication with the driver is possible either by opening the partition window or using an intercom system.

Limousines are often long-wheelbase vehicles to provide extra legroom in the passenger compartment. There will usually be occasional seats (in the U.S. called jump seats) at the front of the compartment (either forward-facing, rear-facing, or able to face either direction).

Many nations have official state cars designed to transport government officials. The top leaders have dedicated and specially equipped limousines. The United States Presidential State Car is the official car of the President of the United States.

Stretch limousines

[edit]
Lincoln Town Car stretch limousine

Stretch limousines are longer than regular limousines, usually to accommodate more passengers. Stretch limousines may have seating along the sides of the cabin.

A "stretch limousine" was created in Fort Smith, Arkansas, around 1928 by the Armbruster coach company. Their vehicles were primarily used to transport famous "big band" leaders, such as Glenn Miller and Benny Goodman, and their members and equipment. These early stretch limousines were often called "big band buses". Armbruster called their lengthened cars "extended-wheelbase multi-door auto-coaches". Their 12-passenger coaches were used by hotels, taxis, airlines, corporations, and tour companies.[14] Knock-down programs by automakers made coachbuilders stretch vehicles, but Armbruster also custom built limousines using unibody construction such as the 1969 AMC Ambassadors.[15]

As of 2023, stretch limousines comprise one percent of U.S. limousine company offerings. That total was down from about ten percent in 2013.[13]

Novelty limousines

[edit]

A variety of vehicles not designed as limousines have been converted into novelty limousines.[16] Another style of novelty limousine are those painted in bright colors, such as purple or pink.[17]

Vehicles converted into novelty stretch limousines include the East German Trabant, Volkswagen Beetle, Fiat Panda, and Citroën 2CV. There are instances of Corvettes, Ferraris, and Mini Coopers being stretched to accommodate up to 10 passengers.

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Garner, Bryan (July 28, 2009). Garner's Modern American Usage. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199874620. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved August 2, 2020.
  2. ^ a b "Definition of limousine". merriam-webster.com. October 28, 2019. Archived from the original on September 20, 2019. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  3. ^ "Definition of Stretch Limo". merriam-webster.com. Archived from the original on July 2, 2020. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  4. ^ a b Dyke, Andrew Lee (1920). Dyke's Automobile and Gasoline Engine Encyclopedia (Twelfth ed.). p. 582. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  5. ^ Ayto, John (2009). Word Origins. A&C Black Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4081-0160-5. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  6. ^ a b The Random House College Dictionary. Random House. 1975. p. 777. ISBN 0-394-43600-8. 1. an automobile having a permanently enclosed compartment for from three to five persons, the roof of which projects forward over the driver's seat in front...[< F, special use of limousine long cloak, so called because worn by the shepherds of Limousin, a former province in central France]
  7. ^ "Definition of limousine" (Complete & Unabridged Digital ed.). Collins English Dictionary. 2012. Archived from the original on April 17, 2019. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  8. ^ a b "What's What in Automobile Bodies Officially Determined". The New York Times. August 20, 1916. Archived from the original on May 2, 2014. Retrieved June 27, 2015. Here it is, with other body types and distinctions, officially determined recently by the Nomenclature Division of the Society of Automobile Engineers
  9. ^ a b c Haajanen, Lennart W. (2003). Illustrated Dictionary of Automobile Body Styles. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. p. 96. ISBN 0-7864-1276-3. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved January 1, 2019.
  10. ^ Huffman, John Pearley (January 19, 2009). "The Top Presidential Limousines of All Time". Popular Mechanics. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  11. ^ DeWitt, Nancy (September 4, 2012). "Presidential Wheels". Fountainhead Antique Auto Museum. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  12. ^ "A Car Fit For A President". Grundy Insurance. February 25, 2017. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  13. ^ a b Jiménez, Jesus (2023-04-28). "The Long Demise of the Stretch Limousine". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2023-04-30. Retrieved 2023-04-30.
  14. ^ Theobald, Mark; DeWinter IV, Bernie (2004). "Armbruster & Company, Tom Armbruster, Ed Robben, Armbruster/Stageway, Fort Smith, Airport Limousine, Earnhart & Johansen". coachbuilt.com. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
  15. ^ Strohl, Daniel (23 September 2018). "1969 AMC Ambassador Limousine". Hemmings. Archived from the original on 28 December 2022. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
  16. ^ "Dave's Classic Limousines Pictures: Novelty Limousines". Archived from the original on July 12, 2015. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  17. ^ Naylor, Sharon (2004). 1000 Best Wedding Bargains. Sourcebooks. p. 198. ISBN 978-1-4022-0298-8. Retrieved June 27, 2015. novelty limousines.
[edit]
  • The dictionary definition of limousine at Wiktionary
  • Media related to Limousines at Wikimedia Commons

 

An example of a charter (Magna Carta).

A charter is the grant of authority or rights, stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified. It is implicit that the granter retains superiority (or sovereignty), and that the recipient admits a limited (or inferior) status within the relationship, and it is within that sense that charters were historically granted, and it is that sense which is retained in modern usage of the term. In early medieval Britain, charters transferred land from donors to recipients.

The word entered the English language from the Old French charte, via Latin charta, and ultimately from Greek χάρτης (khartes, meaning "layer of papyrus"). It has come to be synonymous with a document that sets out a grant of rights or privileges.

Other usages

[edit]

The term is used for a special case (or as an exception) of an institutional charter. A charter school, for example, is one that has different rules, regulations, and statutes from a state school.

Charter can be used as a synonym for "hire" or "lease", as in the "charter" of a bus, boat or plane.[1]

A charter member (US English) of an organization is an original member; that is, one who became a member when the organization received its charter.[2] A chartered member (British English) is a member who holds an individual chartered designation authorized under that organization's royal charter.[3][4]

Different types of charters

[edit]

Anglo-Saxon charters

[edit]

Anglo-Saxon charters (also called diplomas) are documents drawn up between the seventh century and 1066 in Britain, which typically make a grant of land or record a privilege. They are usually written on parchment, in Latin. Around 200 survive in their original form, and many of the others have been altered or forged. The oldest surviving charters granted land and privileges to the church, but from the 8th century surviving charters were increasingly used to grant land to lay people.[5]

Colony charter

[edit]

The British Empire used three main types of colonies as it sought to expand its territory to distant parts of the earth. These three types were royal colonies, proprietary colonies, and corporate colonies. A charter colony by definition is a "colony chartered to an individual, trading company, etc., by the British crown."[6] Although charter colonies were not the most prevalent of the three types of colonies in the British Empire, they were by no means insignificant.

Congressional charter

[edit]

A Congressional charter is a law passed by the United States Congress that states the mission, authority, and activities of a group. Congress issued federal charters from 1791 until 1992 under Title 36 of the United States Code.

Corporate charter

[edit]

A corporate charter is a document or charter that establishes the existence of a corporation in the United States and Canada.

Inspeximus charter

[edit]

A charter of "Inspeximus" (Latin, literally "We have inspected") is frequently a royal charter, by which an earlier charter or series of charters relating to a particular foundation (such as a monastery or a guild) was recited and incorporated into a new charter, usually in order to confirm and renew its validity under present authority. Where the original documents are lost, an inspeximus charter may sometimes preserve their texts and lists of witnesses.

Municipal charter

[edit]
Swedish-language charter for the city of Viborg from 1403

A municipal corporation is the legal term for a local governing body, including (but not necessarily limited to) cities, counties, towns, townships, charter townships, villages, and boroughs. Municipal incorporation occurs when such municipalities become self-governing entities under the laws of the state or province in which they are located. Often, this event is marked by the award or declaration of a municipal charter, a term used because municipal power was historically granted by the sovereign, by royal charter.

Order charter

[edit]

Charters may establish or govern the operation of chivalric orders and other orders, such as the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.

Project charter

[edit]

In project management, a project charter (sometimes called the terms of reference) is provided by the sponsor to formally authorize the existence of a project. It provides a preliminary delineation of roles and responsibilities, outlines the project purpose and objectives, identifies key stakeholders, and defines the authority of the project manager. It serves as a reference of authority for future planning of the project. The project scope is developed from the project charter.

Royal charter

[edit]

A royal charter is a formal grant issued by a monarch under royal prerogative as letters patent. Historically, they have been used to promulgate public laws, the most famous example being the English Magna Carta (great charter) of 1215, but since the 14th century have only been used in place of private acts to grant a right or power to an individual or a body corporate.[7][8][9] They were, and are still, used to establish significant organisations such as boroughs (with municipal charters), universities and learned societies, and were used historically to establish companies.

The Charter of 1814, France's constitution during the Bourbon Restoration, was thus called to promote the legal fiction that the King had granted it "voluntarily, and by the free exercise of [his] royal authority", in the manner of medieval charters.

At one time a royal charter was the only way in which an incorporated body could be formed, but other means (such as the registration process for limited companies) are generally now used instead.

University charter

[edit]

A university charter is a charter issued to create or recognise a university. The form of charter used varies by period and jurisdiction.[10]

Uprising charter

[edit]

In the context of a political uprising, a charter might lay out the basic principles and goals of the movement, define the organizational structure of the movement, and describe the roles and responsibilities of its members.[11]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "charter". Lexico. Oxford University Press. 2. Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  2. ^ "charter member". Lexico. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  3. ^ "chartered". Lexico. Oxford University Press. 1.1. Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  4. ^ "Royal Charters". Privy Council of the United Kingdom. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  5. ^ Keynes, Simon (2014). "Charters and Writs". In Lapidge, Michael; Blair, John; Keynes, Simon; Scragg, Donald (eds.). The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England (2nd ed.). Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley Blackwell. pp. 102–103. ISBN 978-0-470-65632-7.
  6. ^ charter colony - Definitions from Dictionary.com
  7. ^ "Charter". The Supplement to the Penny Cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. Vol. 1. Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. 1845. pp. 331–332. Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  8. ^ "Magna Carta 1215". British Library. Archived from the original on 3 October 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2019.
  9. ^ Peter Crooks (July 2015). "Exporting Magna Carta: exclusionary liberties in Ireland and the world". History Ireland. 23 (4). Archived from the original on 1 January 2023. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  10. ^ Phyllis Riddle (Spring 1993). "Political Authority and University Formation in Europe, 1200-1800". Sociological Perspectives. 36 (1). SAGE Publications: 49–50. doi:10.2307/1389441. JSTOR 1389441. S2CID 143493887.
  11. ^ Political Documents - Iranian Scholars for Liberty

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
  • Media related to Charters at Wikimedia Commons
  • The dictionary definition of charter at Wiktionary

 

1908 Studebaker limousine with an open driver's compartment
1953 Rolls-Royce Phantom IV (coachwork by Hooper)

A limousine (/ˈlɪməziːn/ or /lɪməˈziːn/), or limo (/ˈlɪmoʊ/) for short,[1] is a large, chauffeur-driven luxury vehicle with a partition between the driver compartment and the passenger compartment which can be operated mechanically by hand or by a button electronically.[2] A luxury sedan with a very long wheelbase and driven by a professional driver is called a stretch limousine.[3]

In some countries, such as the United States, Germany, Canada, and Australia, a limousine service may be any pre-booked hire car with a driver, usually, but only sometimes a luxury car. In particular, airport shuttle services are often called "limousine services", though they often use minivans or light commercial vehicles.[2]

Etymology

[edit]
The type of limousine hood or roof described in the text (1912 Vauxhall)

The word limousine is derived from the name of the French region Limousin; however, how the area's name was transferred to the car is uncertain.

One possibility involves a particular type of carriage hood or roof that physically resembled the raised hood of the cloak worn by the shepherds there.[4][5]

An alternate etymology speculates that some early chauffeurs wore a Limousin-style cloak in the open driver's compartment for protection from the weather.[6] The name was then extended to this particular type of car with a permanent top projecting over the chauffeur.[4] This former type of automobile had an enclosed passenger compartment seating three to five persons, with only a roof projecting forward over the open driver's area in the front.[7]

History

[edit]

Wealthy owners of expensive carriages and their passengers were accustomed to their private compartments leaving their coachman or driver outside in all weathers. When automobiles arrived, the same people required a similar arrangement for their chauffeurs. As such, the 1916 definition of limousine by the US Society of Automobile Engineers is "a closed car seating three to five inside, with driver's seat outside".[8]

In Great Britain, the limousine de-ville was a version of the limousine town car where the driver's compartment was outside and had no weather protection.[9]: 103  The limousine-landaulet variant (also sold in the United States) had a removable or folding roof section over the rear passenger seat.[9]: 100 

In the United States, sub-categories of limousines in 1916 were the berline, defined as "a limousine having the driver's seat entirely enclosed", and the brougham, described as "a limousine with no roof over the driver's seat."[8]

The president of the United States has ridden in a variety of brands of state cars starting from 1899 when President William McKinley was the first to ride in a car, a steam Locomobile.[10][11][12]

U.S. limousine business declined in the 21st century due to the effects of the Great Recession, the subsequent rise of ride sharing apps, and an industry crisis precipitated by deadly stretch limousine crashes in 2015 and Schoharie, New York, in 2018. Moreover, during this time, people who would have once utilized limousines began opting to travel more discreetly in cars like black SUVs.[13]

Characteristics

[edit]

The limousine body style usually has a partition separating the driver from the rear passenger compartment.[6][9] This partition usually includes an openable glass section so passengers may see the road. Communication with the driver is possible either by opening the partition window or using an intercom system.

Limousines are often long-wheelbase vehicles to provide extra legroom in the passenger compartment. There will usually be occasional seats (in the U.S. called jump seats) at the front of the compartment (either forward-facing, rear-facing, or able to face either direction).

Many nations have official state cars designed to transport government officials. The top leaders have dedicated and specially equipped limousines. The United States Presidential State Car is the official car of the President of the United States.

Stretch limousines

[edit]
Lincoln Town Car stretch limousine

Stretch limousines are longer than regular limousines, usually to accommodate more passengers. Stretch limousines may have seating along the sides of the cabin.

A "stretch limousine" was created in Fort Smith, Arkansas, around 1928 by the Armbruster coach company. Their vehicles were primarily used to transport famous "big band" leaders, such as Glenn Miller and Benny Goodman, and their members and equipment. These early stretch limousines were often called "big band buses". Armbruster called their lengthened cars "extended-wheelbase multi-door auto-coaches". Their 12-passenger coaches were used by hotels, taxis, airlines, corporations, and tour companies.[14] Knock-down programs by automakers made coachbuilders stretch vehicles, but Armbruster also custom built limousines using unibody construction such as the 1969 AMC Ambassadors.[15]

As of 2023, stretch limousines comprise one percent of U.S. limousine company offerings. That total was down from about ten percent in 2013.[13]

Novelty limousines

[edit]

A variety of vehicles not designed as limousines have been converted into novelty limousines.[16] Another style of novelty limousine are those painted in bright colors, such as purple or pink.[17]

Vehicles converted into novelty stretch limousines include the East German Trabant, Volkswagen Beetle, Fiat Panda, and Citroën 2CV. There are instances of Corvettes, Ferraris, and Mini Coopers being stretched to accommodate up to 10 passengers.

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Garner, Bryan (July 28, 2009). Garner's Modern American Usage. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199874620. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved August 2, 2020.
  2. ^ a b "Definition of limousine". merriam-webster.com. October 28, 2019. Archived from the original on September 20, 2019. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  3. ^ "Definition of Stretch Limo". merriam-webster.com. Archived from the original on July 2, 2020. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  4. ^ a b Dyke, Andrew Lee (1920). Dyke's Automobile and Gasoline Engine Encyclopedia (Twelfth ed.). p. 582. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  5. ^ Ayto, John (2009). Word Origins. A&C Black Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4081-0160-5. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  6. ^ a b The Random House College Dictionary. Random House. 1975. p. 777. ISBN 0-394-43600-8. 1. an automobile having a permanently enclosed compartment for from three to five persons, the roof of which projects forward over the driver's seat in front...[< F, special use of limousine long cloak, so called because worn by the shepherds of Limousin, a former province in central France]
  7. ^ "Definition of limousine" (Complete & Unabridged Digital ed.). Collins English Dictionary. 2012. Archived from the original on April 17, 2019. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  8. ^ a b "What's What in Automobile Bodies Officially Determined". The New York Times. August 20, 1916. Archived from the original on May 2, 2014. Retrieved June 27, 2015. Here it is, with other body types and distinctions, officially determined recently by the Nomenclature Division of the Society of Automobile Engineers
  9. ^ a b c Haajanen, Lennart W. (2003). Illustrated Dictionary of Automobile Body Styles. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. p. 96. ISBN 0-7864-1276-3. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved January 1, 2019.
  10. ^ Huffman, John Pearley (January 19, 2009). "The Top Presidential Limousines of All Time". Popular Mechanics. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  11. ^ DeWitt, Nancy (September 4, 2012). "Presidential Wheels". Fountainhead Antique Auto Museum. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  12. ^ "A Car Fit For A President". Grundy Insurance. February 25, 2017. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  13. ^ a b Jiménez, Jesus (2023-04-28). "The Long Demise of the Stretch Limousine". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2023-04-30. Retrieved 2023-04-30.
  14. ^ Theobald, Mark; DeWinter IV, Bernie (2004). "Armbruster & Company, Tom Armbruster, Ed Robben, Armbruster/Stageway, Fort Smith, Airport Limousine, Earnhart & Johansen". coachbuilt.com. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
  15. ^ Strohl, Daniel (23 September 2018). "1969 AMC Ambassador Limousine". Hemmings. Archived from the original on 28 December 2022. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
  16. ^ "Dave's Classic Limousines Pictures: Novelty Limousines". Archived from the original on July 12, 2015. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  17. ^ Naylor, Sharon (2004). 1000 Best Wedding Bargains. Sourcebooks. p. 198. ISBN 978-1-4022-0298-8. Retrieved June 27, 2015. novelty limousines.
[edit]
  • The dictionary definition of limousine at Wiktionary
  • Media related to Limousines at Wikimedia Commons

 

Frequently Asked Questions

If you leave something on the bus, Star Coach works diligently to return your items. You'll need to report the lost belonging, and they'll guide you through their recovery process to reunite you with your stuff.

Yes, you can place last-minute booking requests, but it might affect pricing and availability. Expect to pay a premium for the convenience, and there's a chance your preferred options may not be available.

You'll need to check Star Coach's specific policies on pet travel within their luxury coaches. They may have guidelines on size, breed, or need for a carrier, so it's best to contact them directly.